با انجام اندازهگیریهای دقیق بر ریزموجهای زمینهی
کیهانی مدلهای کیهانی با بحران کوچک-مقیاس خداحافظی خواهند کرد.
![Synopsis figure](data:image/png;base64,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)
ESA/Hubble
دیدگاه
معمول برای توضیح تحول کیهان یا مدل Λ CDM، میتواند به خوبی ساختار بزرگـمقیاس
کیهان (پیکربندی کهکشانها درون خوشهها) را توضیح دهد. این مدل، فراوانی
ساختارهای کوچک-مقیاس مانند کهکشانهای کوتوله، را بیشتر از مقدار حاضر پیشبینی
میکند؛ این مسئله با نام بحران کوچکـمقیاس شناخته میشود. بنا بر
پیشنهد توموهیرو ناکاما (Tomohiro Nakama) از دانشگاه جان هاپکینز، مریلند، و
همکاران انجام اندازهگیریهای بر طیف ریزموجهای زمینهی کیهانی میتواند به
روشن ساختن ریشهی بحران کوچک-مقیاس بیانجامد.
ساختارهای
کیهان حاضر حاصل افتوخیزهای چگالی در کیهان نخستین هستند. کمی ساختارهای کوچک-مقیاس
میتواند نشان از وجود سازوکارهای غیرمعمولی داشته باشد؛ این سازوکارها جهان اولیه
و مرتبط با عامل ایجاد انبساط عالم بوده و در مقیاس کوچک، افتوخیزها را از بین
برده است. سرکوب افتوخیزهای چگالی همچنین میتواند دیرتر و به سبب وجود اشکالی
از مادهی تاریک گرم یا برهمکنش مادهی تاریک با مادهی معمولی رخ داده باشد.
بنا بر
باور ناکاما و همکاران، میتوان با اندازهگیریهای دقیق بر طیف فرکانسی ،CMB سازوکارهای از بین رفتن افت خیزهای اولیه و
پسین را تمیز داد. طیف تابش زمینه کیهان به طیف جسم سیاه نزدیک است. به هر روی از
بین رفتن افتوخیزهای چگالی میتواند به تغییرطیفی انجامیده باشد. شناسایی این
عامل با جمله ای که همانند پتانسیل
شیمیایی 𝜇 در طیف جسم سیاه است انجام میشود. بنا بر محاسبات این گروه، 𝜇 برای
مکانیزم های میرایی جهاناولیه کوچک یا منفی و برای میرایی کیهان اخیر مثبت و بزرگ
میباشد.
منبع:
https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.121302
مرجع:
Physical Review D.
نویسنده خبر: سعیده هوشمندی