نظریه پردازان از اثر جدید مغناطیسی- مکانیکی (magnetomechanical) عایقهای توپولوژی(TIs) که داغتر از محیطشان هستند پردهبرداشتند.
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)
APS/Alan Stonebraker
عایقهای توپولوژی(TIs)ـ حجم عایق با حالتهای سطحی رسانای الکتریکی ـ شبیه مواد معمولی رفتار نمیکنند. برای مثال یک عایق توپولوژی(TI)در میدان مغناطیسی یک اثر مغناطیسی-اپتیکی (magnetooptical) کوانتیزه شده را نشان میدهد: وقتی نور قطبیده از درون مواد عبور میکند، نور به مقداری که با یک ثابت بنیادی تنظیم شدهاست چرخانده میشود. بیشتر اینچنین اثراتی برای TIs که در/ یا نزدیک به تعادل گرمایی با محیطشان هستند پیشبینی و اندازهگیری شدهاند. نظریهپرداز محمد مغربی از دانشگاه ایالت میشیگان ،ایست لنسینگ، و همکارانش قدم چالش برانگیزی برای مدل سازی TI خارج از تعادل گرمایی برداشتند، و یک اثر مکانیکی غیر منتظره را یافته اند.
محققان پیشبینی میکنند که فوتونهای گرمایی ساطعشده بوسیله TI داغتر از اطرافش گشتاور کوچک اما به طوربالقوه قابل اندازهگیری را برروی مواد منتقل میکند.
مغربی و همکارانش یک فیلم TI ده نانومتری ساندویچ شده بین دو عایق فرو مغناطیسی تصور کردند. لایههای مغناطیسی الکترونهای سطح TI را در یک حالت اسپینی خاص محدود میکنند، و باعث میشوند که تمام فوتونهای گرمایی که توسط ماده تابش یافته به طور دایرهای و در همان جهت قطبیده شوند. این ساختار ساندویچ به خودی خود جدید نیست، اما محققان هنگامی که این سیستم را داغتر از محیط آن درنظرگرفتند از رفتار جدیدی پرده برداشتند. از آنجایی که یک TI داغ، فوتونهای قطبیدهشده دایرهای، بیشتر از آن که جذب کند تابش میکند، اندازه حرکت زاویهای حملشده توسط فوتونهای خروجی افزایش مییابد و نیروی پیچشی خالصی را روی TI ایجاد میکند.
محققان میگویند با تجزیه و تحلیل نور قطبیده دایرهای که بهوسیله سیستم ساطع میشود، اثر مغناطیسی - مکانیکی پیش بینی شده را می توان تأیید کرد. گشتاور نیز ممکن است به طور مستقیم شناسایی شود، زیرا نیروی پیچش محاسبه شده (تقریباً 1 pN) بالاتر از آستانه حساسیت پیشرفتهترین روشهای اندازهگیری نیرواست.
این تحقیق در Physical Review Letters منتشر شدهاست.
-ماریک استفان(Marric Stephens)
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